How much money does it take to build a home photovoltaic power plant? It depends on three factors: 1. Parts costs. That is, photovoltaic inverters, solar panels, etc. The second is that different PV installation companies have their own pricing standards. 2. Installed capacity (that is, power). 3. Photovoltaic policy, which is subsidy policy. On August 26, 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission determined that national subsidies for distributed photovoltaic power generation were 0.42 yuan/degree (before tax), and the principle period was 20 years. In addition, there are local subsidies. Different provinces and regions have different subsidies. This requires consultation with local policies. The cost of building a photovoltaic power plant is in contrast to the installed capacity (power). It is necessary to determine how many kilowatts of photovoltaic power stations need to be installed based on the current actual power consumption. This is more economical. It is also possible to build a slightly more powerful power station so that inexhaustible electricity can be sold to the country in parallel. General home power station 2--5 kilowatts is enough. The benefits of home photovoltaic power generation include three parts: 1. Subsidies to make money: The state subsidies 0.42 yuan / degree + provincial subsidies + city and county subsidies (all over slightly different), whether they are used or sold, as long as the electricity has a subsidy. 2. Save on electricity costs: Use your own power, do not have to pay electricity, equal to making money. 3. Selling electricity to make money: The country sells electricity to the country. The price of electricity sold is based on the benchmark price of local coal-fired desulfurization units at 0.56 yuan/kWh (slightly different from place to place). There are three options for home PV power grid access: All self-use (power generated by all their own use) Spontaneous use, more than Internet access (priority for their own use, excess sales to the country) All Internet access (the electricity generated is sold to the country) Home photovoltaic power generation generally choose the second, that is, self-use, more than electricity online. In this case, no battery is needed, and electricity can be used directly at the grid when it cannot generate electricity at night. According to the above three different access grid modes, the revenue calculation method is as follows: Total self-use total revenue: (local electricity price + subsidy) × total electricity generation Total self-use Internet access revenue: Electricity for own use × Local electricity price + On-grid electricity × Selling price + Subsidy × Total generation Total net income: (subsidy + selling price) x total generation The following takes a 5-kilowatt home photovoltaic power station as an example, and the investment income is estimated as follows: (This is just an example and does not represent accurate data) Installed capacity: 5 kilowatts (KW) Area: about 40-50 square meters Investment amount: 50,000 yuan The amount of electricity generated is about 20 degrees per day, generating 7,300 degrees a year. Grid-connected mode: Spontaneous use, free internet access Suppose half of the annual power generation is used for its own use and half of it is online. Subsidy income: 0.42 yuan/degree (in this case only state subsidies) x 7300 degrees = 3066 yuan Save electricity costs: 3650 degrees × 0.56 yuan / degree = 2044 yuan Selling electricity income: 3650 degrees × 0.56 yuan / degree = 2044 yuan Annual total income: 3066 yuan + 2044 yuan + 2044 yuan = 7154 yuan. Back to this: 40,000 yuan ÷ 0.7154 million yuan / year = 5.59 years, is expected to recover costs in 6 years. (Considering different light intensity and local subsidy in different places, this is usually returned in 6-10 years) Afterwards, the useful life of the power station is generally about 25 years. After returning to this site, you can use electricity for free and make money.
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are part of any drug that produces the desired effect. Some drugs, such as combination therapy, have a variety of active ingredients that can treat different symptoms or work in different ways.
All drugs consist of two core components: the API (which is the main component) and the excipient (a substance other than the drug that helps deliver the drug to the system). An excipient is a chemically inert substance, such as lactose or mineral oil in a pill.
Manufacturers use certain criteria to determine the strength of the API in each drug. However, standards vary widely from brand to brand. Each brand may use a different test method, which may result in different effects.
In all cases, the FDA requires manufacturers to demonstrate the effectiveness of their products in real life and under laboratory conditions.
The quality of the API has a significant impact on the efficacy of the drug (producing the desired results) and the safety of the drug. Poor-quality APIs or mismanufactured products have been linked to serious problems, such as illness or death.
Even in the case of outsourcing, APIs are subject to strict regulations and supervision from their shipping countries. For example, API plants overseas are still subject to inspection by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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